Abortion of female fetuses in
India


صفحة 136
Abortion=Abandon of fetuses –terminate the pregnancy-n
Fetuses=Unborn-human beings-n
Prevent=Stop s.th to be made-v
Couples=Wife and husband-n
Aborting=Deliberately ending a pregnancy-v
Pregnancy=Bear a baby in her belly-n
Powerful=Influential-have a strong influent to change s.th-adj
Infinitely more=Very much more-adv
Desirable=Someone who is attractive- wanted to be with u-adj
Dowry=The money or goods a man's family give to the family of the woman that he will marry with-n
Burden=s.th that causes a lot of worry and financial problems-N
Wipes out=To use up completely-V
Coordinator=That make the things arranged-manager-planner-n
Fundamental=Basic- Essential- Major- Important-Adj
Rally=A large public meeting in support of s.th-n
Kick off=Start-v
Nationwide=on a national scale- all over the country-adj
Campaign=Movement- pressure group-n
Degrading=Making people less important than they really are -v
Inhuman=Cruel- unkind- heartless-adj
Estimate=calculate approximately- guesstimate -v
Vary=Change-alter- Modify- v
Consequence=Importance- Effect- Result-n
Devastate=Destroy- smash s.th-v
Points to=Draw attention to-refer to-V
Figures=Information which is given or refers to- n
Census= An official survey of the population of a country-n[/font]

 
unit4
Low tar cigarettes linked to cancer upsurge


Word - Synonym -Type
Upsurge= an increase –suddenly raise - N
Light= Low- less -Adj
Tar= a dark, thick flammable liquid distilled from wood or coal, used in industries of cigarette. -N
Marketed =Sold -V
Rare = In few case – seldom -Adj
Chief = the head of an organization.- man in managing -N
Label = a small piece of paper, fabric, etc. attached to an object and giving information about it -N
Misleading = cause to have a wrong impression about someone or something – Deceptive -N
Imply = Mean -V
Urgently = requiring immediate action or attention. = right now -Adv
Directive =an official or authoritative instruction. – a kind of decision -N
Draft =a preliminary version of a piece of writing.- Plan – Sketch -N
Strengthen =make or become stronger -V
Tighten =strictly imposed: -V
Restriction = a limiting condition or measure. -N
Content =the things that are contained in something -N
Puff = a small quantity of smoke emitted in one blast. -N
Intensely = of extreme force, degree, or strength- Powerfully- -Adv
Carcinogens = a substance capable of causing cancer. -Adj
Toxins =a poison produced by an organism and acting as an antigen in the body. -N
Peripheral lung =relating to- around the lung – side -N
Aden carcinoma = a cancer arising in the epithelial tissue of the skin or of the lining of the internal organs -n
Many switch to low tar
Switch =People move to another s.th -V
Authority = a person or organization exerting control in a particular political or administrative sphere. -Adj
Brands = a type of manufactured product –kinds -N
Quitting = Leaving – stop smoking -N
Review = a formal assessment of something with the intention of instituting change if necessary -N
Up to = until - as far as -Adv
Senior
Lethal = sufficient to cause death. – fatal – deadly -Adj
Addiction = physically dependent on a particular substance .like cigarette -n

Inhaling deeply
Consultant = a person who provides expert advice professionally.- Advisor -N
Chest = the front surface of a person’s or animal’s body between the neck and the stomach -N
Infirmary =Hospital -N
Rise = come or go up- Increase- Get higher -V
Draw =pull or move -V
Manufacturer = Make or produce tobacco on a large scale using machinery. -N
Con =Against - Adj
Public affair =matters of public interest and importance -N
Drive =an organized effort to achieve a particular purpose -N
Descriptors = an element or term that serves to describe, identify, or index something.- qualities -N
Connotations = Relations – associations -N
Display = Put -V
Yield = an amount or result yielded- a result or gain -N
Implement = Put into practice – Apply - Put into operation -N
Tobacco giant admits health risks
Overwhelming = Great - have a strong emotional effect on.- Vast -Adj
Consensus = general agreement. - N
Emphysema = a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness. -N
Admission = Confession - fact of being admitted to -N
Addictive = causing or likely to cause addiction.- (physically dependent on a particular substance .like cigarette) -Adj
Poor =Weak -Adj
Worldwide = throughout the world. -Adv
Probable = likely to happen or be the case. -Adv
Impact = a marked effect or influence. -N
Assessment = evaluate or estimate the nature, value, or quality of -n

Heart attack and stroke
Stroke = a sudden disabling attack or loss of consciousness caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain. -N
More likely = happen Probable -Adj
Harden =make or become hard or harder. -Adj
Artery = any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system by which blood is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body. -N
Starve =cause to suffer or die from hunger - deprive of -V
Blood flow = move steadily and continuously in an artery.-N
Bypass = surgical operation to make an alternative passage to aid the circulation of blood. -n
Eventual = occurring at the end of or resulting from a process or period of time. -Adj

Lung problems
Long term = Long period -N
Survival = Continued existence -N
Rates =the amount of a charge or payment - a tax -N
Oral =relating to the mouth.-Adj
Uterine = relating to the uterus= womb -Adj
Liver = a large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen, involved in processing digestive products, neutralizing toxins, secreting bile, and other metabolic processes -N
Kidney = each of a pair of organs in the abdominal cavity, with one concave and one convex side, that excrete urine -N
Bladder = a muscular membranous sac in the abdomen which receives urine from the kidneys and stores it for excretion. -N
Cervical = relating to the neck. -Adj
Leukemia = a malignant progressive disease in which the bone marrow and other blood-forming organs produce increased numbers of immature or abnormal leucocytes, suppressing the production of normal blood cells.-N
Combine = unite to form a compound.- Join - Come together -V
Chronic = having a persistent illness or bad habit for a long time. -Adj
Obstructive = block; be in the way of.- prevent -Adj
Pulmonary = relating to the lungs. -Adj
Irreversible = impossible to be reversed or altered. -Adj
Harm to children
Miscarriage = Abortion= the natural expulsion of a fetus from the womb before it is able to survive independently. -N
Infant = Kid – baby – child -N
Syndrome = a group of symptoms which consistently occur together. -N
Cot = a small bed with high barred sides for a baby or very young child -N
Respiratory =Tract -N
Pneumonia = a lung infection in which the air sacs fill with pus. -N
Ingredient = Material -N
Cumulative = Increasing -Adj
Toll = Tax -N

 
Unit5
Did humans lose a sixth sense

Word- Synonym - Type
Distant = far away in time. Thousands years ago -Adj
Ancestors = Old generations - N
Mutation = Change – turn -N
Vestige = Sign –أثر لعضو ضامر -N
Organ = a part of an organism which is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function -N
Detect = Find – discover- Notice- Sense -V
Give off = (an appearance) get out - to be sent out -V
Locate = be situated in a particular place- pitch - v
Nostrils = either of two external openings of the nasal cavity in vertebrates that admit air to the lungs and smells to the olfactory nerves. -N
Pit = Hole - N
Vomeronasal = the small thin bone separating the left and right nasal cavities in humans and most vertebrates. -N
Nerves = a whitish fibre or bundle of fibres in the body that transmits impulses of sensation between the brain or spinal cord and other parts of the body` - N
Pheromones = a chemical substance produced and released by an animal, affecting the behavior or physiology of others of its species. -V
Secreted = produce by - Adj
Conjecture = an opinion or conclusion based on incomplete information. – guess – estimate -N
Trigger = cause to happen or exist. -V
Instinctive = Inherent - apparently natural or automatic. -Adj
Aggression = violent behavior or attitudes. -N
Mating = come or bring together for breeding; copulate. – intermarriage - join or connect mechanically. -N
Mouse gene
Isolate = Cut off – Separate -V
Pick up = take hold of and lift or move - V
Delicate = Precise – Accurate - Adj
Useless = serving no purpose. - A waste of time -Adj
Rodents = a mammal of an order that includes rats, mice, squirrels ,distinguished by strong constantly growing incisors and no canine teeth. - N
Scent = pleasant-smelling liquid worn on the skin; perfume. -N
Menstrual cycle
Sniff = Inhale - breathe in – smell -V
Capture = Catch - thing that has been captured. -V
Underarm = a hollow under the arm at the shoulder. - a person’s armpit. -N
Pad= a thick piece of soft or absorbent material. -N
Instead = as an alternative or substitute. -Adv
So – called = Known with -N
Olfactory = relating to the sense of smell. -N
Speculate = Think deeply about - to consider carefully -V
Situate = Put – lay -V
Route = send or direct along a specified course. -V
Unconscious = the part of the mind which is inaccessible to the conscious mind but which affects behavior and emotions. -N
Molecule = a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a compound that can take part in a chemical reaction. -N
Nonsense = foolish or unacceptable behavior.- silly - Adj
Appreciate = recognize the value or significance of.- Realize - Be aware -V

Pheromones can make women seem attractive
Bewitchment = enchant and delight.- attract – charm - N
Dupe = a victim of deception. - N
Plain = Simply – silly - Adj
Colorless = Have no color – without color - Adj
Odorless = a distinctive smell. -Adj
Affect = have an effect on - make a difference to -V
Alter = Change – turn -V
Send out =Give off -V
Odorless smells
Perceive = Recognize -V
Grade = Rank- a particular level of rank, quality, proficiency, or value. -V
Exposed = cause (someone) to be vulnerable or at risk. -Adj
Saliva = a watery liquid secreted into the mouth by glands, providing lubrication for chewing and swallowing, and aiding digestion. – spit -N
Astonishing = surprise or impress greatly. - Adj
Warfare = Conflict - N
Exploit = Take advantage of - Make use of - V
Evolve = Grow – develop -V
Mate = a friend or companion. -N
Pestered = trouble or annoy with persistent requests or interruptions. – worry -Adj
Ingredient = Element – Component -N
Assurance = confidence in one’s own abilities -n

The pill
Psychological = related to the mental and emotional state of a person. -Adj
Conference = a formal meeting of people with a shared interest, typically taking place over several days. -N
Contraceptive = serving to prevent pregnancy - N
Undermine = damage or weaken, especially gradually or insidiously. -V
Compatible = able to have a harmonious relationship -Adj
Confusion = a situation of panic- Uncertainty – Embarrassment -N
Pick out = Choose –V
Offspring = a person’s child or children – Brood -n