[englishtext]The gerund is a verb form functioning as a noun . It is formed by adding (-ing ) to the root of the verb . All gerunds end in ( -ing ) . For example , the root verb (dance ) gives us ( dancing ) , .....etc .

When can we use the gerund ?

The gerund can be used in the following ways :
1- The subject of a sentence , e.g :
Swimming is my favorite sport .

2- The complement of subject + be , e.g :
My favorite sport is swimming

3- The object :
I like swimming.

4- The object of a preposition or of a prepositional verb , e.g :
I'm fond of swimming
Thank u for calling
I don't object to dancing

5- Replaceable by ( it ) as in :A- Do you like swimming ?
B- I like it very much . I'm very fond of it.

6- In short prohibitions : No smoking
No spitting

7- In the saying : Seeing is believing

Verbs followed by the gerund : The most important of these are :
admit --anticipate --appreciate-- avoid -- consider -- defer -- delay -- deny -- detest -- dislike -- dread -- enjoy -- escape -- excuse -- fancy -- finish -- forgive --imagine --involve-- keep -- loath -- mind -- miss--- pardon --- postpone-- prevent --propose-- recollect -- remember --- resent -- resist -- risk -- save -- stop -- suggest -- understand
For example : Try to avoide making him angry
Do you enjoy teaching ?
Stop talking
He detests writting letters


To be continued :wink[/englishtext]:

what an amazing topic Raghad I appreciate every rule you gave

Thanks Raghad,
God bless your efforts

Roula , The Jasmine

Thank you too you are welcome

Thanks Raghad

[englishtext]Part (2)

Special Expressions Follwed by -ing :
1-have fun / a good time + -ing
have trouble / difficulty + -ing
have a hard time / difficult time + -ing , e.g :

We had a good time playing football .
I had a difficult time finding his house

2- spend + expression of time or money + -ing
Sam spends most of his time studying

waste + expression of time or money + -ing
I waste a lot of time watching TV.

3- sit , stand , lie + expression of place + ing
She sat at her desk writting a letter
He is lying in bed reading a novel.

4- find , catch + ( pro ) noun + -ing
When I walked into my office , I found George using my telephone.

Common Verbs Followed By Infinitives
hope to (do s.th ) - plan to - intend to - decide to - promise to - agree to - offer to - refuse to - seem to - appear to - pretend to - ask to - except to - would like to - want to - need to

I hope to see you again soon.
He promised to be here by ten .
I expect to pass the test .

Verb + ( pro ) noun + infinitive :
tell someone to - advise s.one to - encourage s.one to - remind s.one to - invite s.one to - permit s.one to - allow s.one to - warn s.one to - require s.one to - order s.one to - force s.one to - ask s.one to - expect s.one to - would like s.one to - want s.one to - need s.one to

I expect Mary to pass the test
The police ordered the driver to stop.[/englishtext]

To be continued

Raghad,

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