I – FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE SUITABLE WORDS (30 MARKS)

1 - .....means the totality of lexical choices found In a given text "or a group of texts and It refers to patterns of lexical choice.
2-To make a grammatical sentence in a language, we need ..................... and..........
3...................studies the ways in which sounds are grouped together to form words.
4-(-ed, -ing, -ess,-s, -er, -est) are all called……………
5-Psycholinguistics tackles issues such as language perception, comprehension, and........
6-Icon, index, and symbol are three different types of the …………
7-

 
in this mobile message there Is..........which is a central issue in sociolinguistics.
II. Who said the following statements: (15 MARKS)
1 -"The poetic function projects the principle of equivalence from the axis of selection into the axis of combination."
2"ln order to give a scientifically accurate definition for every form of a language, we should have to have a scientifically accurate knowledge of everything in the speaker's world."
3-"We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native language."
III. Choose only three of the following questions (I5 MARKS)
1 -Competence vs. performance
2-Binary antonyms vs. relational antonyms
3-What are the four types of information that every lexical entry contains?
4- Name two ways in which lexical foregrounding can be achieved with examples.
5-State one phrase structure rule that can account for the four types of sentences (affirmative, negative, interrogative, imperative) in English.

IV. Read the following passage and then answer the questions (15 MARKS)
"Edward looked at his red beard in the table knife. Then Edward and Pia went to Sweden, to the farm, in the mailbox Pia found a check for Willie from the government of Sweden. Pia put the check in the pocket of her brown coat. Pia was pregnant. In London she has been sick everyday. Edward bought a bottle of white stuff for Pia in London. It was supposed to make her stop vomiting."
1 -What is the dominant syntactic feature in the previous text?
2-What does this style highlight?
3-Who developed this kind of syntactic strategy?
V-Read the following lines of poetry, then answer the questions (25 MARKS)

 
1- Competence is what we know about the language. Performance is what we do when we speak or listen.
2-Binary antonyms can take only one value at a time, example: Black vs. White.
Relational antonyms are relative to one another, example: Tall vs. Short.

3-
1 - The underlying phonological representation.
2-the possible sequence of morphemes into which it enters
3-its syntactic properties
4-its semantic representation
4- 1 - By using rare words (archaism) such as those ancient words that modern writers and poets use.

2-By inventing new words or new meanings for old lexical items (neologisms), such as Orwell's newspeake.

3 - The creation of new compounds, such as Sandburg's hunger-hands, and hunger-eyes.

4 - Homonyms give rise to another type of lexical foregrounding. Written English distinguishes homonyms, so homonyms are more available in speech.
Example: (night and Knight), (write and right), (Kan and can) etc.

 
5 –
S---------- ({Q/imp}) ( NEG) NP + AUX + VP