للفصل الدراسي الأول 2010 / 2011.

 
unit4
Low tar cigarettes linked to cancer upsurge


Word  - Synonym  -Type
Upsurge= an increase –suddenly raise - N
Light= Low- less -Adj
Tar= a dark, thick flammable liquid distilled from wood or coal, used in industries of cigarette.  -N
Marketed =Sold -V
Rare = In few case – seldom -Adj
Chief = the head of an organization.- man in managing -N
Label = a small piece of paper, fabric, etc. attached to an object and giving information about it -N
Misleading  = cause to have a wrong impression about someone or something – Deceptive -N
Imply = Mean -V
Urgently = requiring immediate action or attention. = right now -Adv
Directive  =an official or authoritative instruction. – a kind of decision -N
Draft =a preliminary version of a piece of writing.- Plan – Sketch -N
Strengthen =make or become stronger -V
Tighten =strictly imposed: -V
Restriction = a limiting condition or measure. -N
Content  =the things that are contained in something -N
Puff = a small quantity of smoke emitted in one blast. -N
Intensely = of extreme force, degree, or strength- Powerfully- -Adv
Carcinogens = a substance capable of causing cancer. -Adj
Toxins =a poison produced by an organism and acting as an antigen in the body. -N
Peripheral lung  =relating to- around the lung – side -N
Aden carcinoma = a cancer arising in the epithelial tissue of the skin or of the lining of the internal organs -n
Many switch to low tar
Switch =People move to another s.th -V
Authority = a person or organization exerting control in a particular political or administrative sphere. -Adj
Brands = a type of manufactured product –kinds -N
Quitting = Leaving – stop smoking -N
Review = a formal assessment of something with the intention of instituting change if necessary -N
Up to = until - as far as -Adv
Senior
Lethal = sufficient to cause death. – fatal – deadly -Adj
Addiction = physically dependent on a particular substance .like cigarette  -n

Inhaling deeply
Consultant = a person who provides expert advice professionally.- Advisor -N
Chest = the front surface of a person’s or animal’s body between the neck and the stomach -N
Infirmary =Hospital -N
Rise = come or go up- Increase- Get higher -V
Draw =pull or move -V
Manufacturer = Make or produce  tobacco on a large scale using machinery. -N
Con =Against - Adj
Public affair =matters of public interest and importance -N
Drive =an organized effort to achieve a particular purpose -N
Descriptors = an element or term that serves to describe, identify, or index something.- qualities -N
Connotations = Relations – associations -N
Display = Put -V
Yield = an amount or result yielded- a result or gain -N
Implement = Put into practice – Apply - Put into operation -N
Tobacco giant admits health risks
Overwhelming = Great - have a strong emotional effect on.- Vast -Adj
Consensus = general agreement. - N
Emphysema = a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness. -N
Admission = Confession - fact of being admitted to -N
Addictive =  causing or likely to cause addiction.- (physically dependent on a particular substance .like cigarette) -Adj
Poor =Weak -Adj
Worldwide = throughout the world. -Adv
Probable = likely to happen or be the case. -Adv
Impact = a marked effect or influence. -N
Assessment = evaluate or estimate the nature, value, or quality of -n

Heart attack and stroke
Stroke = a sudden disabling attack or loss of consciousness caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain. -N
More likely = happen Probable  -Adj
Harden =make or become hard or harder. -Adj
Artery = any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system by which blood is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body. -N
Starve =cause to suffer or die from hunger - deprive of -V
Blood flow = move steadily and continuously in an artery.-N
Bypass = surgical operation to make an alternative passage to aid the circulation of blood. -n
Eventual = occurring at the end of or resulting from a process or period of time. -Adj

Lung problems
Long term = Long period  -N
Survival = Continued existence  -N
Rates =the amount of a charge or payment - a tax  -N
Oral =relating to the mouth.-Adj
Uterine = relating to the uterus= womb -Adj
Liver = a large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen, involved in processing digestive products, neutralizing toxins, secreting bile, and other metabolic processes -N
Kidney = each of a pair of organs in the abdominal cavity, with one concave and one convex side, that excrete urine -N
Bladder = a muscular membranous sac in the abdomen which receives urine from the kidneys and stores it for excretion. -N
Cervical = relating to the neck. -Adj
Leukemia = a malignant progressive disease in which the bone marrow and other blood-forming organs produce increased numbers of immature or abnormal leucocytes, suppressing the production of normal blood cells.-N
Combine = unite to form a compound.- Join - Come together -V
Chronic = having a persistent illness or bad habit for a long time. -Adj
Obstructive = block; be in the way of.- prevent -Adj
Pulmonary = relating to the lungs. -Adj
Irreversible = impossible to be reversed or altered. -Adj
Harm to children
Miscarriage = Abortion= the natural expulsion of a fetus from the womb before it is able to survive independently. -N
Infant = Kid – baby – child -N
Syndrome = a group of symptoms which consistently occur together. -N
Cot = a small bed with high barred sides for a baby or very young child -N
Respiratory =Tract -N
Pneumonia = a lung infection in which the air sacs fill with pus. -N
Ingredient = Material -N
Cumulative = Increasing -Adj
Toll = Tax -N