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Kahlil Gibran (1883-1931), Lebanese American writer whose name is often spelled Kahlil Gibran, the leader of a school of Arab American writers known as al-Rābitḥat al-qalamiyyah (The Bond of the Pen). These writers contributed to the development of a romantic school in modern Arabic poetry that emphasized the role of imagination and emotion and the power of nature. The Prophet (1923), which Jubrān wrote in English, is a collection of aphorisms (concise sayings) and philosophical musings that has proved popular among young adult readers for generations.
Born into a Christian family in the village of Bsharrī in Lebanon, Jubrān emigrated to the United States in 1894 and settled initially in Boston. In 1897 he went back to Lebanon to go to school. After several trips in each direction, he returned to Boston in 1903, a year in which he lost his sister, brother, and mother to tuberculosis. The young Lebanese émigré was helped by a number of prominent Bostonians, most notably Mary Haskell, a schoolteacher who became his major benefactor. In 1912 Jubrān moved to New York City, and it was there that he published some of his most famous works and exerted an enormous influence on fellow Arab intellectuals and poets in exile. Jubrān was a devoted nurturer of his own poetic persona, which makes it difficult to sort through the details of his career, but the extent of his influence was clearly profound.
Among Jubrān’s writings in Arabic is an early collection of highly moralistic stories, ‘Arā’is al-murūj (1906; translated as Nymphs of the Valley, 1948), which concentrates on oppressive practices often associated with the institution of marriage and on the corruption of the clergy. Two later collections of tales are partially autobiographical: al-Arwāḥ al-mutamarridah (1908; Spirits Rebellious, 1946) and al-Ajniḥah al-mutakassirah (1912; The Broken Wings, 1957). His prose and poetic writings in Arabic have a tone that today seems somewhat sentimental, and they reflect the cadences (rhythmic sequences) of a then-recent translation of the Bible into Arabic. His use of imagery and choice of words and phrases is a clear reaction against a less personal, more formal style that was much favored in the Arab world at the time.Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2007. © 1993-2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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عنوانها :
( صفوة لتعليم اللغة الإنكليزية و الترجمة )
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