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| The Origins of Old English https://forum.art-en.com/viewtopic.php?t=2737 |
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| الكاتب: | توت عنخ امون [ الجمعة يوليو 27, 2007 4:42 am ] |
| عنوان المشاركة: | The Origins of Old English |
The Origins of Old Englishجزور اللغة القديمة -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Origins of Old English جزور اللغة الأنجليزية القديمة:- Old English is one of the Germanic group of Indo-European languages. It was spoken, and written, in England before about 1100AD. It is sometimes referred to as Anglo-Saxon. اللغة الأنجليزية القديمة هي من مجموعة اللغات الألماتنية التي تضم اللغة الهندوأوربية, وهي اللغة التي كانت مستعملة نطقا وكتابة منذ 1100 سنة قبل الميلاد, وغالبا ما يشار لها بلغة الأنقلوسكسون There were four distinct dialects of Old English:وهناك عدد أربع لهجات للغة الأنجليزية وهي :- Northumbrian, Mercia, Kentish and West-Saxon This is known through differences in spelling. After 900AD West-Saxon became widely used as a standard written language, and is sometimes referred to as 'Classic West-Saxon'. وكل منها له طريقة كتابة مختلفة في التهجئة .وبعد عام 900 ق.م.أصبحت لغة الغربساكسون هي الغالبة الأستعمال حيث أعتمدت اللغة الفصيحة في الكتابة وأحيانا يطلق عليها أسم ( لفة الساكسون الغربية------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| الكاتب: | توت عنخ امون [ الجمعة يوليو 27, 2007 4:47 am ] |
| عنوان المشاركة: | |
CRITICAL HISTORY OF English Poetry -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ENGLISH poetry may be regarded historically as one of the ways in which the national spirit has expressed itself in successive ages; or as the work of a succession of individual poets, each expressing his own mind and spirit; or as an art with various sub-species-epic, lyric, drama, etc.--each of which has developed in accordance with its own traditions. We shall try to do such justice as our space permits to all these aspects of the subject. Considering, however, that poems are made not by influences or traditions but by men, we shall lay most stress on the second. No doubt every poet is the child of his age and the heir of a particular tradition; but the great poet helps to create the spirit of his age and to mould the tradition he has inherited. Therefore we shall dwell longest on the greatest poets, touching on the minors in so far as they supply important links in the chain of tradition or have themselves left something written which the world has refused to let die. Our plan may make this study less useful as a text-book, but it will help, we trust, to set the history of English poetry in truer perspective -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We have called this book A Critical History of English Poetry. But the critic, no less than the poet, is the child of his age; and we are well aware that critics like us, whose taste in poetry was formed in Victorian days, may fail to do justice to the poetry and the criticism of the present generation, between which and the Victorian Age a "shift of sensibility" has occurred comparable to that which took place between the Age of Pope and the Age of Wordsworth. We are deeply indebted to that fine and generous scholar, Mr. John Purves, for help in preparing this work. هذه نبذة عن تاريخ نقد الشعر الأنجليزي منقول |
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| الكاتب: | Adnan [ الأربعاء سبتمبر 19, 2007 11:47 pm ] |
| عنوان المشاركة: | |
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