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[englishtext]The second chapter:
The production of speech sounds:
2-1- Articulators above the larynx:
Articulators: they are the different parts of the vocal tract, these parts are:
1- the pharynx.
2- the velum or soft palate or velar: It happens when the tongue is in contact with the lower side of the velum, like "k", and "g".
3-the hard palate.
4- the alveolar ridge: It happens when the tongue is in contact with the alveolar ridge which is behind the teeth, like "t" and "d"
5- the tongue: it has five parts: top, blade, front, back, and root.
6- the teeth: they make dental sounds by touching the front teeth.
7- the lips: a- Bilabial: the lips are pressed together like when we produce the sounds "p" and "b" .
b- Labiodental: the lips are in contact with teeth like when we produce the sounds "f" and "v".
c- the lips can be rounded when we produce "u".
2-2- Vowels and consonants: this is a theoretical part in this chapter, so read it from the book.
But the last thing of this part is the different shapes and positions of the lips:
1- Rounded: like "u".
2- Spread: like "i".
3- Neutral: like schwa and other vowels.
2-3- English short vowels:
- /I/: it is close, front, and the lips are spread.
[ Eg: 'bit', 'pin', fish'.
- /e/: it is between close-mid and open-mid, front, and the lips are spread.
[ Eg 'bet', 'men', 'yes'.
- /ae/: it is open, front, and the lips are spread.
Eg: 'bat', 'man', 'gas'.
The next look at it in the book, it is like 8 in Arabic
it is open, central, and the lips are neutral
Eg: 'but', 'some', 'rush'.
- /D/: it is between open-mid and open, back, and the lips are rounded.
Eg: 'pot', 'gone', 'cross'.
- /U/: it is open, central, and the lips are rounded.
Eg: 'put', 'pull', 'push'.
Note: look at the writing of the vowels / ae/,/ D/,
, and /U/ in the book page 16./8/
Do not forget to look at the diagram in the book.
This is the lesson.
If there are any questions, just ask me , and if there is something not clear , discuss me.
I want some examples about any vowel you want…..
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_________________ ***Keep your aim always in sight***
ربّنا لا تؤاخذنا إن نسينا أو أخطأنا
ربّنا و لا تحمِل علينا إصراً كما حملته على الذين من قبلنا
ربّنا و لا تحمِّلنا ما لا طاقة لنا به و اعفُ عنّا و اغفر لنا و ارحمنا
فانصرنا على القوم الكافرين
ربّي اغفر لي و لوالديّ و للمؤمنين و المؤمنات أجمعين
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