I – FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE SUITABLE WORDS (30 MARKS)

1 - .....means the totality of lexical choices found In a given text "or a group of texts and It refers to patterns of lexical choice.
2-To make a grammatical sentence in a language, we need ..................... and..........
3...................studies the ways in which sounds are grouped together to form words.
4-(-ed, -ing, -ess,-s, -er, -est) are all called……………
5-Psycholinguistics tackles issues such as language perception, comprehension, and........
6-Icon, index, and symbol are three different types of the …………
7-

 
in this mobile message there Is..........which is a central issue in sociolinguistics.
II. Who said the following statements: (15 MARKS)
1 -"The poetic function projects the principle of equivalence from the axis of selection into the axis of combination."
2"ln order to give a scientifically accurate definition for every form of a language, we should have to have a scientifically accurate knowledge of everything in the speaker's world."
3-"We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native language."
III. Choose only three of the following questions (I5 MARKS)
1 -Competence vs. performance
2-Binary antonyms vs. relational antonyms
3-What are the four types of information that every lexical entry contains?
4- Name two ways in which lexical foregrounding can be achieved with examples.
5-State one phrase structure rule that can account for the four types of sentences (affirmative, negative, interrogative, imperative) in English.

IV. Read the following passage and then answer the questions (15 MARKS)
"Edward looked at his red beard in the table knife. Then Edward and Pia went to Sweden, to the farm, in the mailbox Pia found a check for Willie from the government of Sweden. Pia put the check in the pocket of her brown coat. Pia was pregnant. In London she has been sick everyday. Edward bought a bottle of white stuff for Pia in London. It was supposed to make her stop vomiting."
1 -What is the dominant syntactic feature in the previous text?
2-What does this style highlight?
3-Who developed this kind of syntactic strategy?
V-Read the following lines of poetry, then answer the questions (25 MARKS)

 
l- FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH SUITABLE WORDS (20 MARKS)
1- ...............is the study of how meaning in language is created by the use and interrelationships of words, phrases, and sentences.
2- Sociolinguistics is the study of the interrelationships between language and social and cultural factors. It focuses on issues like ............., ...........
3- De Saussure divided the sign into a ........, and...........The relationship between the two is....... .
4- .............. is linguistics universal, a characteristic shared by ail the human languages. It results because there is no one-to-one relationship between expressions and meanings.
6-............. Is a branch of linguistics concerned with Identifying those groups of sounds that can be distinctive in a language.
7- ............ is any piece of literature whether oral or written that provides a message.
8- A phoneme may have predictable phonetic variants which are called .......

II- Choose only three of the following questions (30 MARKS)
1-Human communication vs. animal communication
2-Distinctive phonemes vs. predictable variants
3-Simplicity vs. Complexity as features of syntactic structures
4-Lexical vs. structural ambiguity.

III- Briefly explain the different sources of phonological cohesion in poetry supporting your answer with examples from Arabic or English poetry. (25 Marks)

IV- Is there a specialized vocabulary for literature? In what way the diction of literary works is different from every day common words? Support your answer with examples from English or Arabic literary texts. (25 MARKS)

Examiner: Dr. Salwa Al-Wafai