القلب الصادق,
تسلم والله يطمن بالك يارب ان شا الله يكون متل ماعم تقول لانو حاسة اني رح احمل هي المادة اول مرة بتلبك بكتابة مواضيعها وخاصة الالياذة
بس ان شا الله خير

 
The Anger of Achilles

The fatal anger of Achilles brought countless losses on the Greeks and sent many noble souls to Hades before their time. His anger started after a quarrel between him and Agamemnon. Nine years after the war begins, God Apollo is angry because Agamemnon will not return for a ransom Chryseis, the daughter of one of his priests, captured by Agamemnon as a war prize. Apollo sends a plague upon the Greeks camp, causing the death of many soldiers, the thing which forces Agamemnon to send Chryseis back to her father and take Achilles' prize, Briseis, as a compensation, sparking Achilles great rage, Achilles, very angry withdraws from the battle with his people and prays to his mothers, Thetis, to ask Zeus to punish the Greeks and help the Trojans to win a battle so that the Greeks recognize his worth. At Thetis request, Zeus starts helping the Trojans by giving them courage and making them win some battles. The Greeks, at last, recognize the worth of Achilles, so Agamemnon offers to restore him Briseis besides many other gifts. He still refuses to join the army, so the fight becomes worse. When his dearest friend Patroclus is killed by Hector, he is filled with anger and rejoins the army, kills Hector and drags his body on the earth as a revenge to his friend Patroclus.

 
The Battle of the Gods
(Very Important)
In The Iliad, there are many gods of human attributes who devote their time to feast and marriage. They take sides in the Trojan war between the Greeks and the Trojans. In Homer's Iliad, the essence of god is not of ethical but power.
Hera, Queen of the gods and Zeus's wife, Hera is a headstrong woman. She often goes behind Zeus's back in matters on which they disagree, working with Athena to crush the Trojans, whom she passionately hates. Athena the goddess of wisdom, like Hera Athena passionately hates the Trojans and often gives the Achaeans valuable aid. Thetis, a sea-nymph and the devoted mother of Achilles, gets Zeus to help the Trojans and punish the Achaeans at the request of her angry son. When Achilles finally rejoins the battle, she asks Hephaestus to design him a new suit of armor. Poseidon, The brother of Zeus and god of the sea, holds a long standing hatred against the Trojans because they never paid him for helping them to build their city. He therefore supports the Achaeans in the war. Hephaestus, god of fire, doesn't make clear his sympathies in the mortals' struggle, he helps the Achaeans by making a new suit of armor for Achilles and by rescuing Achilles during his fight with a river god.
Zeus, king of the gods claims neutrality in the mortals' conflict and often tries to keep the other gods from participating in it. However, he throws his weight behind the Trojan side for much of the battle after Achilles' mother, Thetis, asks him to do so. Apollo, a son of Zeus and god of the arts and archery, supports the Trojans and often intervenes in the war on their behalf. Aphrodite, goddess of love and daughter of Zeus, supports Paris and the Trojans throughout the war, though she proves somewhat ineffectual in battle. Artemis, goddess of the hunt, daughter of Zeus, supports the Trojans in the war. Ares, god of war generally supports the Trojans in the war.

 
( important) The Homeric Question

Nothing is known for certain about the real authorship of The Iliad or about the date and the place of composition. Indeed all the circumstances surrounding the composition and the early emergence of the Homeric poems are matter of guess. The Iliad, and The Odyssey are the oldest surviving texts in Greek literature. In the antiquity, it was universally accepted that The Iliad and The Odyssey were written by Homer, with the exception of some later Greek critics at Alexandria who believed that another author wrote The Odyssey. At the time of the French revolution, the Homeric question was raised again. Some scholars said that The Iliad and The Odyssey are not related to Homer, nothing the time between Homer and the Trojan war and observing a contradiction in the stories, differences in customs, style, religion and language in various parts of the two epics. These scholars argued variously that The Iliad and The Odyssey were written by different authors because the poems consisted of earlier independent poems gathered and unified by a later poet or by a commission of scholars or that each poem had an original author alone. Modern linguistic study and literary criticism have convinced most scholars that The Iliad and The Odyssey are works of a single skillful genius, who employed a traditional style, language and meter, and borrowed from a common pool of traditional material. Essentially the civilization presented, the style, plot construction and character treatment show the unity of the work. Everything fits into the theory of a single Homer. The evidence for the unity of The Iliad and The Odyssey is so strong that we should be compelled to accept a single Homer even if ancient Greece had believed in many.

 
Trojan War

Legends of the Trojan War trace its origin to a golden apple, inscribed " for the fairest ". The award of the apple to Aphrodite, goddess of love, by Paris, son of king Priam of Troy, secured for Paris the love of the beautiful Helen of Troy, wife of Menelaus, the king of Sparta. Helen went with Paris to Troy. An expedition to avenge the injury to Menelaus was placed under the command of Agamemnon, king of Mycenae. Agamemnon's force included many famous Greek heroes, the most noted of whom were Achilles, Patroclus, the two Ajaxes, Teucer, Nestor, Odysseus, and Diomedes.
After the Trojans refused to restore Helen to Menelaus, the Greek warriors proceeded to Troy in 1000 ships. The siege lasted ten years, the first nine of which were uneventful. In the tenth year, Achilles withdrew from battle because of his anger with Agamemnon; Achilles' action furnished Homer with the theme of The Iliad. To avenge the death of his friend Patroclus, Achilles returned to battle and killed Hector, the principal Trojan warrior. Later, Achilles was killed at the hands of Paris.
The city of Troy was captured at last by treachery. A force of Greek warriors entered to the city by hiding in the interior of a large wooden horse. Subsequently the Greeks robbed and burned the city. Only a few Trojans escaped, the most famous being Aeneas, who led the other survivors to what is present-day Italy; the story is told by Virgil in The Aeneid.

القلب الصادق,
يسلمو ايديك بس الدكتور الياس حدد غير هالمواضيع
بس المهم انو مواضيعك كتير مفيدة وعجبتني كتر خيرك وشكرا الك


Odysseus,
مو مشكلة عادي ^^ شكرا الك جد ريحتني وأنا رأي من رأيك ماحسيت فيها شي خطير