مشرف ساحات طلاب الإنجليزي
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اشترك في: 19 كانون الثاني 2008
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المواضيع: 177
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المشاركات: 3191
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القسم: Higher Institute of Language
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السنة: ELT Master 1st year
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لا يوجد لدي مواضيع بعد |
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الأسبوع الرابع
أكمل الدكتور ماجد في محاضرة هذا الأسبوع مسرحية موت بائع جوال.....وكان هذا أهم ما ورد في المحاضرة:
* Crucial moments in the play: - Almost all of these moments take place in Act Two, but of course the audience is prepared to such moments in Act One. 1- The meeting between Howard and Willy: Here we see the shock after Willy gets fired. Things became clear and it was the beginning of the end. 2- The meeting with Bill Oliver. 3- The Betrayal scene. 4- The restaurant scene. 5- The confrontation scene and the resolution. - So, in general we can say that Death of a Salesman is the play of father and son relationship. * A sample comment: (Important): p:5 : Willy: "I was driving…strange thoughts" The speaker of these lines is Willy Loman. The images created in the passage interact with previous images suggesting the exhaustion of Willy and the domination of external forces. The road symbolizes Willy's life, and the car stands for his soul. As Miller suggests in this passage, the road and soul have lost their meaning. In this passage Miller undermines the failure of the American Dream. Willy Loman in this passage is a man who is contemplating deteriorating situation in life and telling audiences about his prospective death. Concerning the syntax of the passage, Willy's sentences tend towards being lengthy portraying his need for contemplation and description. In fact, the use of the progressive tense in the passage offers Willy's sentences a sense of vitality and vividness: 'I was driving', 'I was observing', 'looking', 'going off', 'dreaming'. The lexis of the passage also highlights Willy Loman's longings and dreamy situation. Nouns such as: 'trees', 'scenery', 'the sun' indicate his need for the world of the dream; adjectives like: 'fine', 'beautiful' and 'warm' strengthen his need for the dream, while verbs like: 'going off', 'forgot', 'gone the other way' suggest the world of reality.
* The American Dream and Death of a Salesman:- Success is a requirement American's make of life. Because it seems magical and explicable, as it is to Willy, it can be considered the right of every free citizen, even those with no notable talents. The citizen may logically ask, if Edison, Goodrich and Grange can make it, why not me?, why not Willy Loman?. Miller uses the myth of material success in his plays in order to state something significant about American society and its moral system. He can be considered a social dramatist in the sense that his drama exposes the ills of society and makes people aware that that there is something seriously wrong with the system through his dramatization of the dream of material success, Miller examines the declining ideals and way of life of the middle class in America. In general, Miller warns that the pursuit of the dream of material success can endanger man's moral existence. In the America of Miller's play, success is judged by the extent of personal wealth and the individual's initiative in poring himself more economically capable than others. Thus, success is external and visible. - If we go back to the opening of the play we notice that we, as audiences, are prepared to see someone like Willy Loman. The images, buildings, colors and music itself are all presented to prepare us for the appearance of the main character. So, after all that we can't say we are surprised to see this old salesman who is carrying 60 years of exhaustion and tiredness. We notice that Miller is quite skillful in presenting these images; he doesn't present a young man who embodies the dream of material success, but an old man who is tired from life, tired from trying so hard to achieve his aim. This indicates that Arthur Miller doesn't really believe in the American Dream. He believes that this dream has turned into a nightmare and Willy Loman embodies this nightmare. In other words, Miller expresses the failure of the American Dream and that's why he uses Willy Loman; a man who is at the edge of collapsing and destruction. - The success myth in Death of a Salesman, in the hands of the playwright, becomes the model for the events of the plot, the situation and the character of the hero, but Miller uses this model in order to subvert it. His play is an anti-myth, the rags-to-riches Formula in reverse so that it becomes the story of a failure in terms of success, or the story of the failure of the success myth. The events of the play are a mirror image of the hero's progress. Willy's history begins at the end of the line; instead of the appearance of a young man, an exhausted salesman enters, carrying along with his sample cases, 60 years of struggle. The subsequent events show him failing to overcome each obstacle, just as he has failed to achieve the success he has been pursuing his lifelong. He returns from a trip without making a single sale; he traces the boss for a Newyork job and a salary raise and is fired for his pain. Willy finishes by facing the harsh fact that his whole life has been a lie. - In Death of a Salesman Miller traces the negative and destructive consequences of the success dream. The play, therefore, portrays Willy Loman's blind pursuit of material success and his inevitable destruction in the process. The play concerns the success ethic which imposes false values on the life of Miller's salesman. Miller says, "I didn't write Death of a salesman to announce some new American, or an old American. Willy Loman is, I think, a person who embodies in himself some of the terrible conflicts running through the streets of America today". Willy's conflict derives from his belief that success depends on superficial personal qualities and the cultivation of commercial relationships. Unfortunately, Willy fails to realize that his belief does not guarantee success in a highly competitive society.
وفي النهاية تحدث الدكتور عن كيفية استخدام اللغة في المسرحية وأهمية ودلالات بعض الكلمات.....وبذلك نكون قد انتهينا من هذه المسرحية على أن نبدأ بمسرحية : عربة اسمها الرغبة ابتداء من الأسبوع القادم إن شاء الله....بالتوفيق
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