The Past Perfect Tense
had + past participle

1- نستخدم الماضي التام للتعبير عن عمل جرى في وقت ما من الماضي قبل حدوث عمل آخر
The past perfect expresses an activity that was completed before another activity or time in the past
e.g : She had learned English before she travelled to England
First : she learnes English
Second : she travelled to England

2- عمل كان يجري في وقت ما من الماضي حتى وقت محدد من الماضي
To express duration up to a certain time in the past
e.g : At 8 o'clock last night I had finished my work
في الساعة الثامنة من مساء البارحة كنت قد أنهيت عملي

3- إذا كان الفعل المستعمل في الكلام المباشر في الزمن الماضي البسيط أو المضارع التام في الكلام المنقول
In indirect speech to express an idea thae , in  direct speech, had been in the present perfect tense or in the simple past tense
e.g : He said, ' I have written her a letter.'
He said that he had written her a letter.

4- في الجمل الشرطية الماضية حيث نستعمل الماضي التام في الفكرة الثانوية
To express a past condition
e.g : If you had paid attention you would have understood

5- بعد التعابير الخاصة التي يتبعها الماضي البسيط أو الماضي التام
With such verbs as (wish , hope , expect , ....... etc) to express a past wish that was not realized
e.g : He wishes (now) that he had taken your advice
We had expected you to stay at least a week